Tuesday, November 30, 2010

希拉里:泄密事件无异于攻击国际社会Clinton Calls Leaks Attack on Global Community

美国国务卿希拉里•克林顿(Hillary Clinton)周一说,对于国务院25万份机密文件泄露造成的尴尬,美国“深表遗憾”,政府正在采取“有力措施”来防止再次发生泄密。

这些文件在未经授权的情况下被公布之后,奥巴马政府下令在整个政府范围内检讨各机构的敏感信息保护方法。
敏感外交通信在周日公布,暴露了美国多年来的外交动作。这些文件由维基泄密网站(WikiLeaks)搜集,其中详述的各种活动之一,是美国大力推动国际社会达成抗衡伊朗核计划的共识,并取得了越来越多的成功。
白宫管理及预算办公室(Office of Management and Budget)主任卢(Jacob Lew)周一在下令展开全部门评估时说,这次泄密是不可接受、不会得到容忍的。
克林顿即将访问中亚及中东四国,她在离开华盛顿之后,或许不得不亲身面对泄密造成的后果。她要访问的地区在遭泄露文件中占举足轻重的地位。
周一对这起轰动事件表态之前,克林顿在国务院会见了到访的土耳其外交部长达武特奥卢(Ahmet Davutoglu)。她说这次泄密是对美国和国际社会的攻击,是在“撕扯”合理统治的“基本结构”。
克林顿说,这次泄密不仅是对美国外交利益的攻击,也是对国际社会──守护全球安全、促进经济繁荣的盟友与合作伙伴、对话与谈判──的攻击。
她在国务院对众记者说,它让人们的生命处于险境,威胁到我们的国家安全,并损害我们与其他国家携手解决共同问题的努力。
她承认,新公布的外交通信揭示出,阿拉伯世界领导人对伊朗核计划的深切担忧是有现实依据的。
她说,伊朗十分让人担忧,这对任何人来说都不是意外;文件中记录的言论证实,在伊朗邻国眼中,这个国家构成了一个非常严峻的威胁。
这批美国机密外交文件中,有一部分把俄罗斯总理普京(Vladimir Putin)说成是一个“事实上的黑手党国家”中占支配地位的统治者。俄罗斯官员低调应对。
维基泄密网站上发布的文件包括美国一份大使馆通信,它将普京描绘成发号施令的“领头狗”,而总统梅德韦杰夫(Dmitry Medvedev)则是一个黯淡无光、犹豫不决的人,普京是“蝙蝠侠”(Batman),他就是“罗宾”(Robin)。蝙蝠侠是美国漫画中的超级英雄,罗宾是他的追随者和助手。
俄罗斯外交部长拉夫罗夫(Sergei Lavrov)周一对这些评价未作正面回应,暗示俄罗斯不希望这些文件的泄露扰乱克里姆林宫与奥巴马政府都追求的、得到了改善的双边关系。据俄罗斯文传电讯社(Interfax)援引,拉夫罗夫说,读起来无疑是好玩的,但我们更愿意根据我们的伙伴所采取的实质性措施来制定实际政策。
维基泄密网站一位发言人周一说,对美国机密外交通信文件的公布将持续到来年,未来几天还将有新的几批文件公布。
美国已对此次泄密提出了谴责,并敦促维基解密交还这些文件,说他们公布这些文件会损害各国在反恐、反核扩散和其他问题上的合作。美国司法部长赫尔德(Eric Holder)周一说,针对维基解密网站泄露政府机密文件一事,司法部将会对任何在此次泄密过程中违反美国法律的人提起诉讼。
维基解密发言人拉芬森(Kristinn Hrafnsson)在接受《华尔街日报》电话采访时称华盛顿的立场是“反应过度”。
与此同时,意大利外交部长弗拉蒂尼(Franco Frattini)将此次泄密称为“世界外交的911事件”。
英国首相卡梅伦(David Cameron)发言人菲尔德(Steve Field)在伦敦说,政府能够在信息保密的基础上运转是很重要的。法国外交部发言人法雷罗(Bernard Valero)说,我们强烈谴责维基解密网站有意地、不负责任地公布美国外交通信文件的行为。
巴基斯坦外交部说,这是泄露敏感官方文件的不负责任的行为,伊拉克外交部长兹巴里(Hoshyar Zebari)称此次文件泄密毫无益处、不合时宜。澳大利亚司法部部长麦克莱兰德(Robert McClelland)说,执法官员正在调查维基解密是否违反了法律。
这些加密的电子邮件和其他文件披露了长久以来核问题热点地区的新内幕,详细描述了美国、以色列和阿拉伯世界惧怕伊朗日益扩大的核计划、美国对巴基斯坦原子武器的担忧以及美国谈及统一朝鲜半岛是阻止朝鲜挑衅的长久之计。
美国官员可能还必须修补因被泄密收集其他外交官的个人信息而受牵连的各方关系。泄密文件引述了美国备忘录,其中促使驻联合国美国外交官收集联合国秘书长及其团队还有其他国家外交官的详细数据。
美国国务院发言人克劳里(P.J. Crowley)淡化了对这些外交间谍活动的指控。他说,我们的外交官就是那样;他们收集信息用来制定我们的政策和行动;几百年来,无论是美国还是其他国家,外交官都是这样做的。
该秘密文件名为《报告和收集需要:联合国》(Reporting and Collection Needs: the United Nations),要求收集基本的“生物信息”和详细的工作安排,还有信用卡号码和常旅客账户。这些信息可被用于追踪联合国官员的行动和活动。
一位联合国发言人周一说,联合国不能保证这些泄密文件的真实性,说联合国是一个已经与各国分享诸多信息的透明组织。他还援引1946年通过的《联合国特权与豁免公约》(Convention on the Privileges and Immunities of the United Nations)中的内容说,联合国之处所是不可侵犯的。
这是维基解密最近几个月第三次公布机密文件,此前公布了几批关于阿富汗战争和伊拉克战争的美国政府文件。维其解密早在公布之前就将这些文件提供给了《纽约时报》(New York Times)、英国《卫报》(Guardian)、德国《明镜》周刊(Der Spiegel)、西班牙《国家报》(El Pais)和法国的《世界报》(Le Monde),这些报刊撰写了大量报道。《华尔街日报》所属道琼斯新闻集团(Dow Jones)说,《华尔街日报》拒绝接受有关公布维基解密文件的一系列前提条件。
其中有些文件附在上述这些报纸的网站上,时间范围主要从2007年到今年2月,许多文件没有经过分类。虽然这些文件在外交界被通称为电报,但它们实际上都是通过特殊设备发送的加密电子邮件。

Secretary of State Hillary Clinton on Monday said the U.S. 'deeply regrets' embarrassment caused by the leak of a quarter-million classified State Department documents and said the government is taking 'aggressive steps' to prevent future leaks.
The Obama administration ordered a governmentwide review of how agencies safeguard sensitive information in the wake of the unauthorized release of the documents.
The publication of the sensitive diplomatic cables Sunday exposed years of U.S. foreign-policy maneuvering. Among activities detailed in the documents, gathered by the website WikiLeaks, was the extensive, and increasingly successful, push by the U.S. for an international consensus to confront Iran's nuclear program.
The director of the White House's Office of Management and Budget, Jacob Lew, said in ordering the agencywide assessment Monday that the disclosures are unacceptable and will not be tolerated.
Mrs. Clinton may have to confront the fallout first hand after she leaves Washington on a four-nation tour of Central Asia and the Middle East, a region that figures prominently in the leaked documents.
Mrs. Clinton spoke about the furor Monday after a meeting with the visiting foreign minister of Turkey, Ahmet Davutoglu, at the State Department. She called the leaks an attack on America and the international community, saying they 'tear at the fabric' of reasonable government.
``This disclosure is not just an attack on America's foreign policy interests,'' Mrs. Clinton said, ``it is an attack on the international community: the alliances and partnerships, the conversations and negotiations that safeguard global security and advance economic prosperity.''
``It puts people's lives in danger, threatens our national security and undermines our efforts to work with other countries to solve shared problems,'' she told reporters at the State Department.
She acknowledged that the newly released cables that revealed deep concerns among Arab world leaders about Iran's nuclear ambitions have a basis in reality.
``It should not be a surprise to anyone that Iran is a great concern,'' she said, adding that the comments reported in the documents ``confirm the fact that Iran poses a very serious threat in the eyes of her neighbors.''
Meanwhile, Russian officials played down the release of the confidential U.S. diplomatic documents that portray Prime Minister Vladimir Putin as the dominant ruler in a 'virtual mafia state.'
The documents on the WikiLeaks website include a U.S. Embassy cable describing Mr. Putin as an 'alpha dog' who calls the shots and President Dmitry Medvedev as a pale, hesitant figure who 'plays Robin to Putin's Batman,' a reference to comic heroes.
Foreign Minister Sergei Lavrov brushed off the assessments Monday, indicating that Russia didn't want their revelation to spoil the improved relations pursued by the Kremlin and the Obama administration. 'It's certainly amusing reading, but in actual policy we prefer to be guided by the concrete actions of our partners,' Mr. Lavrov was quoted as saying by Russia's Interfax news agency.
WikiLeaks' publication of secret U.S. diplomatic cables will continue into the new year, with new batches coming in the next few days, a spokesman for the document-leaking website said Monday.
The U.S. has condemned the leak and urged WikiLeaks to return the documents, saying their publication could undermine cooperation between nations in the fight against terrorism, nuclear proliferation and other problems. The Justice Department will prosecute anyone found to have violated U.S. law in the leaking of classified government documents by online whistle-blower WikiLeaks, Attorney General Eric Holder said Monday.
WikiLeaks spokesman Kristinn Hrafnsson in a telephone interview with The Wall Street Journal described Washington's position as an 'overreaction.'
Meanwhile, Italy's foreign minister, Franco Frattini, called the leaks the 'Sept. 11 of world diplomacy.'
In London, Steve Field, a spokesman for British Prime Minister David Cameron, said 'it's important that governments are able to operate on the basis of confidentiality of information.' French Foreign Ministry spokesman Bernard Valero said 'we strongly deplore the deliberate and irresponsible release of American diplomatic correspondence by the site Wikileaks.'
Pakistan's foreign ministry said it was an ``irresponsible disclosure of sensitive official documents'' while Iraq's foreign minister, Hoshyar Zebari, called the document release ``unhelpful and untimely.'' In Australia, Attorney General Robert McClelland said law enforcement officials were investigating whether WikiLeaks broke any laws.
The encrypted e-mails and other documents unearthed new revelations about long-simmering nuclear trouble spots, detailing U.S., Israeli and Arab world fears of Iran's growing nuclear program, American concerns about Pakistan's atomic arsenal and U.S. discussions about a united Korean peninsula as a long-term solution to North Korean aggression.
U.S. officials may also have to mend fences after revelations that they gathered personal information on other diplomats. The leaks cited American memos encouraging U.S. diplomats at the United Nations to collect detailed data about the U.N. secretary-general, his team and foreign diplomats.
State Department spokesman P.J. Crowley played down the diplomatic spying allegations. 'Our diplomats are just that, diplomats,' he said. ``They collect information that shapes our policies and actions. This is what diplomats, from our country and other countries, have done for hundreds of years.''
The secret document, titled 'Reporting and Collection Needs: the United Nations,' asked for both basic 'biographical information' and detailed work schedules, credit-card numbers and frequent-flier accounts. Such information could be used to track the movements and activities of U.N. officials.
A U.N. spokesman said Monday that the U.N. can not vouch for the authenticity of the leaked cables, saying the U.N. is a transparent organization that already shares much information with governments. He also quoted from the 1946 Convention on the Privileges and Immunities of the United Nations, which says, 'the premises of the United Nations shall be inviolable.'
The Sunday release of the documents was the third by WikiLeaks in recent months, following caches of U.S. documents about the wars in Afghanistan and Iraq. The New York Times, the U.K.'s Guardian, Germany's Der Spiegel, El Pais of Spain and France's Le Monde gained access to the documents well ahead of their release and wrote extensive reports about them. The Wall Street Journal had declined to accept a set of preconditions related to disclosure of WikiLeaks documents, said a spokeswoman for Dow Jones, the News Corp. unit that publishes the Journal.
Some of the cables─largely from 2007 through last February, many but not all classified─were attached to those organizations' websites. Though commonly called cables in the diplomatic world, they were encrypted emails sent by special devices.

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