China plans to supply Pakistan with a fifth nuclear energy reactor, accelerating Beijing’s commitments to its energy-starved south Asian ally, according to Pakistani government officials.
据巴基斯坦政府官员介绍，中国计划向巴基斯坦供应第五座核能反应堆，加速兑现北京方面对其缺乏能源的南亚盟友的承诺。
Beijing’s growing support for Pakistan, including military hardware, poses a dilemma for Barack Obama, the US president, who arrived in India on Saturday. New Delhi is also becoming more concerned about Pakistan’s close relationship with China.
北京方面对巴基斯坦的支持（包括军用装备）不断加大，给上周六抵达印度访问的美国总统巴拉克•奥巴马(Barack Obama)造成一个两难困局。新德里方面也对巴基斯坦与中国的紧密关系更加担忧。
The supply of a fifth nuclear reactor to Pakistan comes after confirmation this year of Beijing’s agreement to build two 650MW nuclear energy reactors at Chashma, in the central part of Pakistan’s Punjab province.
中国决定向巴基斯坦供应第五座核反应堆之前，今年有关方面已证实，北京方面同意在巴基斯坦中部旁遮普省的恰希玛(Chashma)建造两座650兆瓦的核能反应堆。
China has already built one nuclear energy reactor at Chashma and is expected to complete a second at the same site next year. The Pakistan government declined to comment further on the plans for the fifth reactor.
中国已在恰希玛建造了一座核能反应堆，同一地点的第二座反应堆预期将在明年完工。巴基斯坦政府拒绝就第五座反应堆的相关计划进一步置评。
“We have an ongoing programme of co-operation for the peaceful use of nuclear energy with China,” said Ahmed Mukhtar, Pakistan’s defence minister.
“我们与中国之间在和平利用核能方面有一项持续合作计划，”巴基斯坦国防部长阿赫迈德•穆赫塔尔(Ahmed Mukhtar)表示。
Washington’s relationship with New Delhi was cemented with an agreement in 2008 to supply civil nuclear reactors, even though India has yet to ratify some of the international safeguards to prevent proliferation.
美国与印度在2008年订立核合作协议，由美国向印度供应民用核反应堆，此举确立了两国的合作关系，尽管印度尚未签署《核不扩散条约》。
The US has refused a similar civil nuclear agreement with Pakistan, citing concern over Islamabad’s past links to sharing nuclear expertise and technology with Iran, Libya and, possibly, North Korea.
美国拒绝与巴基斯坦签署类似的民用核合作协议，称担心巴方以往的一些联系，表示巴基斯坦曾与伊朗、利比亚（可能还有朝鲜）分享核技术和诀窍。
Analysts said Mr Obama was unlikely to criticise China’s supply of nuclear reactors to Pakistan publicly because Washington is probably sensitive to Islamabad’s desire for civil nuclear co-operation after the US-India civil nuclear deal. A Chinese official said in September there had been discussions between the two countries about building a 1GW plant in Pakistan, in addition to the two 300MW plants that Chinese companies are expected to build at Chashma.
分析人士表示，奥巴马不太可能公开批评中国向巴基斯坦供应核反应堆，因为在美印订立民用核合作协议之后，美方很可能理解巴方对民用核合作的愿望。一名中国官员在9月份表示，除了中国企业预期将在恰希玛建造两家300兆瓦核电厂外，两国已探讨在巴基斯坦建设一家1000兆瓦核电厂的事宜。
Not only is China keen to boost its ties with Pakistan, a long-standing ally, but the new deals also reflect Chinese commercial ambitions to become a significant player in the nuclear industry.
中国不仅热衷于加强其与长期盟友巴基斯坦的关系，这些新协议还反映出中国的商业雄心，即在核电行业成为一个举足轻重的参与者。
Mark Hibbs, an expert on the nuclear industry at the Carnegie Endowment think-tank in Washington, said China could export smaller 300W reactors using technology that it controls.
华盛顿智库卡内基基金会(Carnegie Endowment)的核电行业专家马克•海布斯(Mark Hibbs)表示，中国可以出口较小的、使用自主技术的300兆瓦反应堆。
However, if it wanted to sell Pakistan, or any other country, 600MW or 1GW reactors, it would probably need the consent of western companies that have licensed Beijing to use key technologies. That would give those companies and their governments a certain amount of leverage, he said.
不过，如果中国想要向巴基斯坦或其它任何国家出售600兆瓦或1000兆瓦的反应堆，它很可能需要获得相关西方公司的同意——这些西方公司向中方发放了许可证，允许其使用某些关键技术。他表示，这将使那些公司及其所在国家的政府具有一定发言权。
Although China has been talking publicly for the past two months about its intention to build at least two more reactors in Pakistan, Chinese officials have not yet specified how they intend to get around the rules that bar the sale of nuclear technology to countries such as Pakistan that have not signed the nuclear non-proliferation treaty.
虽然过去两个月来中国一直在公开谈论有意在巴基斯坦再建造至少两座反应堆，但中国官员尚未说明他们准备如何绕开相关规则——这些规则禁止向巴基斯坦这样尚未签署《核不扩散条约》的国家出售核技术。
One option would be to argue that the initial agreement with Pakistan was signed in 2003, before China joined the body that regulates nuclear commerce.
其中一个选择将是辩称中国与巴基斯坦在2003年签订最初协议时，中国尚未加入管控核技术贸易的组织。
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